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| Arabic Alphabet and The Forms of Alphabetical Letters الحروف الهجائية العربية |
ا ( ا ، ـا ، ا ) أحمد ، القمر ، نوال ، رياض ، متواضعـاً ، مثابرا ، مرفـأ
مرفأ marfaa = harbor/port , مثابرا muthaberan = active , متواضعا mutawadean = modest/humble ,
رياض Riyadh = Riyadh , نوال Nawal = Nawal , القمر alqamar = moon , أحمد Ahmad = Ahmad
alif sounds like ( a ) as in ( apple , accept , car ). Always alif is not connected / not attached to any letter from the left.
ب ( بـ ، ـبـ ، ـب ، ب ) بـيت ، جـبـل ، عـنـب ، باب
باب bab = door , عنب enab = grape , جبل jabal = mountain , بيت bayt = home/house
baa sounds like ( b , p ) as in ( boy, book, panda, probably, problem ).
ت ( تـ ، ـتـ ، ـت ، ت ) تـفاح ، كـتاب ، بيـت ، بيوت
بيوت boyot = homes/houses , بيت bayt = home/house , كتاب kitab = book , تفاح tuffah = apples
taa sounds like ( t ) as in ( tea , tailor, pet ).
ث ( ثـ ، ـثـ ، ـث ، ث ) ثعـبان ، مـثـلـث ، محراث
محراث mehrath = plow , مثلث muthalath = triangel , ثعبان thuaban = snake
thaa sounds like ( th ) as in ( thank , method , north , thing ).
ج ( جـ ، ـجـ ، ـج ، ج ) جـمل ، شـجـرة ، ثلج ، درج
درج daraj = stairs, ثلج thalj = ice , شجرة shajarah = tree , جمل jamal = camel
jeem sounds like ( j ) as in ( jeep , job , gym ) stands in Arabic for 2 different letters in English J and G.
ح ( حـ ، ـحـ ، ـح ، ح ) حـسن ، بـحـر ، ملح ، تمساح
تمساح temsah = alligator/crocodile , ملح milh = salt , بحر bahr = sea, حسن Hasan = Hasan
haa sounds like ( h ) as in ( happy, hug ) with a little accent/stress or amplifier makes the sound has a strong pronunciation.
خ ( خـ ، ـخـ ، ـخ ، خ ) خـروف ، نـخـلة ، بطيخ ، خوخ
خوخ khoukh = peach , بطيخ battikh = watermelon , نخلة nakhlah = palm , خروف kharoof = sheep
khaa sounds like ( kh,ch ) as in ( khaki, Bach, Khaled ), this letter خ has no similar in English...By the way the word Mocha or Mokha in ( Mocca Coffee ) has this sound and originally it is an Arabic word for the name of the city in Yemen called Mokha used to export the finest Arabic Yemeni coffee to the whole world many years ago.
د ( د ، ـد ، د ) دب ، وردة ، هـدية ، قرد
قرد qird = monkey , هدية hadiyah = gift , وردة wardah = rose , دب dub/dob = bear
dall sounds like ( d ) as in ( dog , bad , glad ). Always dall is not connected / not attached to any letter from the left.
ذ ( ذ ، ـذ ، ذ ) ذرة ، رذاذ ، جـذر ، معاذ
معاذ muath = muath , جذر jethr = root , رذاذ rathath = spray , ذرة thurah = corn
thall sounds like ( th ) as in ( the , than, although , further , there ). Always thall is not connected / not attached to any letter from the left.
ر ( ر ، ـر ، ر ) ريش ، أرنب ، جـرس ، فأر
فأر fa'ar = mouse , جرس jarass = bell , أرنب arnab = rabbit , ريش reesh = feathers
raa sounds like ( r ) as in ( rabbit , park , far ). Always raa is not connected / not attached to any letter from the left.
ز ( ز ، ـز ، ز ) زيتون ، مـزرعة ، موزة ، موز
موز mawz = bananas , موزة mawzah = banana , مزرعة mazrah = farm , زيتون zaytoon = olive
zai / zay / zayn sounds like ( z ) as in ( zip, zoom, enzyme, zoo). Always zay is not connected / not attached to any letter from the left.
س ( سـ ، ـسـ ، ـس ، س ) سـمك ، جـسـر ، شمـس ، جرس
جرس jaras = bell, شمس shams = sun, جسر jisr = bridge, سمك samak = fish
seen sounds like ( s , c ) as in ( seeds,sand,solar,cedar,circle,cycle )
ش ( شـ ، ـشـ ، ـش ، ش ) شارع ، مـشــروع ، ريـش ، خفاش
خفاش khofash = pat , ريش reesh = feathers , مشروع mashroua = project , شارع sharea = street
sheen sounds like ( sh , tio , ch ) as in ( show, nation, sharp, she, flash, chef )
ص ( صـ ، ـصـ ، ـص ، ص ) صـباح ، عـصـير ، قفـص ، أقفاص
أقفاص akfass = cages , قفص kafass = cage , عصير aseer = juice , صباح sabah = morning
saad sounds like ( s , c ) same rules of س applied here with a little stress/accent or amplifier makes sound pronounced stronger.
ض ( ضـ ، ـضـ ، ـض ، ض ) ضـفدع ، أخـضـر ، مريـض ، مرض
مرض marathh = sickness , مريض mareeth = patient , أخضر akhthar = green , ضفدع thefdah = frog
Thaad ( strong accent sound maybe close to D sound ), this letter is unique in Arabic and has no similar letters in any language.The Arabic linguistics scholars call the Arabic Language : the language of this letter ض because it is/it's unique.
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ط ( ط ، ـطـ ، ـط ، ط ) طـريق ، مـطــر ، خيـط ، خيوط
خيوط khoyot = threads, خيط khayt = thread, مطر mattar = rain, طريق tareek = road
taa sounds like ( t ) approximately ت with a fat/strong pronunciation.
ظ ( ظ ، ـظـ ، ـظ ، ظ ) ظـرف ، مـظــلة ، حظ ، محظوظ
محظوظ = Mahthoth = lucky, حظ hath = luck, مظلة methallah = umbrella, ظرف tharf = envelope
thaa sounds like ( tha ) approximately close to (ذ ) thall letter.
ع ( عـ ، ـعـ ، ـع ، ع ) عـين ، شعـر ، ربيع ، ضفدع
ضفدع thefdaa = frog, ربيع rabie = spring, شعر shaar = hair, عين ayn = eye
ayn/ain sounds like these vowels ( a, e, i, o, u, ei, ea, ou ) approximately .
غ ( غـ ، ـغـ ، ـغ ، غ ) غـزال ، ببغاء ، صمغ ، فارغ
فارغ fareagh = empty, صمغ samgh = glue, ببغاء babghaa = parrot, غزال ghazal = gazelle/deer
ghayn/ghain sounds like ( gh ) approximately as in ( ghost ).
ف ( فـ ، ـفـ ، ــف ، ف ) فـيل ، مـفـتاح ، صيـف ، صوف
صوف souf = wool, صيف saif = summer, مفتاح meftah = key, فيل feel = elephant
faa sounds like ( f ) as in ( food , fair , friend ).
ق ( قـ ، ـقـ ، ــق ، ق ) قـمر ، بـقـرة ، طريـق ، طرق
طرق turuq = roads, طريق tareeq = road, بقرة bakarah = cow, قمر qamar = moon
qaaf / kaaf sounds like ( q , c , k ) as in ( Quran , Kuran, Couran, quarter ).
ك ( كـ ، ـكـ ، ـك ، ك ) كـتاب ، مـكتب ، ملـك ، ملوك
ملوك mulook = kings, ملك malik = king, مكتب maktab = office, كتاب kitab = book
kaaf sounds like ( k , c , q ) as in ( key, course, quality, kid ).
ل ( لـ ، ـلـ ، ــل ، ل ) لـيمون ، مـلـح ، جبـل ، جبال
جبال jibal = mountains, جبل = mountain, ملح milh = salt, ليمون laymon = lemon
laam sounds like ( L ) as in ( light , milk , life , fill ).
م ( مـ ، ـمـ ، ـم ، م ) مـطار ، نـمـر ، قلـم ، غـيوم
غيوم ghoyom = clouds, قلم kalam = pen, نمر namer = tiger, مطار mattaar = airport
meem sounds like ( m ) as in ( man , memory , miss ).
ن ( نـ ، ـنـ ، ــن ، ن ) نـخلة ، مصـنع ، لبـن ، عـيون
عيون uyon = eyes, لبن laban = milk, مصنع masnaa = factory, نخلة nakhlah = palm
noon sounds like ( n ) as in ( nam , run , nanny , nominee ).
هـ ( هـ ، ـهـ ، ـه ، ه ) هـدهـد ، سهـير ، منبـه ، شفاه
شفاه shefah = lips, منبه munabeh = alarm, سهير Suheer = Suheer , هدهد hudhud = woodpecker
haa sounds like ( h ) as in ( hat, head, inhale, enhance ).
و ( و ، ـو ، و ) وردة ، رويدا ، دلـو ، عمرو
عمرو Amr = Amr, دلو dalaw = bucket, رويدا Roaida = Roaida, وردة wardah = rose
waw / wow sounds like ( w , o ) as in ( one,we,how,wolf,woman,wish ) and sometimes stands as these vowel sounds ( O and U or ou and ua ) as in( super سوبر , quartz كوارتز , court كورت , corner كورنر),the Arabic words here represnt the sounds of English words only and they are not representing the meanings or synonyms of these words, you can notice those sounds clearly when you read or write Arabic words. Always wow is not connected / not attached to any letter from the left.
ي ( يـ ، ـيـ ، ـي ، ي ) يـد ، ياسمـيـن ، سامي ، نادي
نادي nady = club, سامي Sami = Sami, ياسمين Yasmin = Yasmin, يد yad = hand
yaa sounds like ( y , u , a , e , i ) sounds, as in ( Yemen,United,you,yard,unique,yellow,use,yet ) and sometimes as ( e, ee, i, ea, ai, ia ) sounds as in ( mercey, deep, fine, midnight, rear, main , indiana , FIAT ).
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THESE ARE THE FORMS/SHAPES OF the ARABIC LETTERS AS UPPER CASE AND LOWER CASE IN ENGLISH, however, we don't have upper case letters and lower case letters in Arabic and just to make these forms easier to learn, I compare them to the upper and lower cases in English to help you REMEMBER THEM WHEN YOU READ ANY ARABIC WORD OR SENTENCE.
The red color of each letter in all Arabic words above shows you how the main Arabic letter comes at the beginning as initial, middle and the end of any Arabic word.
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The Social Studies Help Center , Learn Arabic :
Those who attempt to learn Arabic are probably familiar with the specific challenges associated with learning this language. One of the greatest challenges that students of Arabic are faced with has to do with the script. The Arabic language has an alphabet that contains 28 letters. Most students find that it does not take long to learn the Arabic alphabet. However, each letter has four different forms. The form that is used depends on whether the letter comes at the beginning, middle, or end of a word. Learning the different letter variations can be a challenge for students. Another characteristic of Arabic that may confound students at first has to do with how books are written and read. In Arabic, books are read from the right to the left.
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